Ancient name for umber. Brown pigment of mineral origin obtained from clays colored by the presence of hydrated iron peroxide and manganese dioxide, whose shades vary from orange brown to greenish brown. On the basis of research conducted by the laboratories of the Musées de France, its average composition can be calculated as composed of clay (50%), calcite (30%), amorphous iron (20%). Compared to natural sienna, it essentially differs due to the presence of a greater quantity of manganese dioxide and calcium carbonate.
Although it has been known since ancient times, it has been used in Europe essentially since the Renaissance, finding use in preparations and, in general, in all painting techniques. With oil it tends to become darker, forming easily crackable films over time.
Brown Ocher, light is suitable for Tempera, Watercolour, Ceramics, Cement / Tadelakt, Oil, Acrylics, Lime / Fresco.